Mold for forming concrete frames



Oct. 13, 1959 Filed Sept. 16, 1955 H. s. JIONES arm. I 2,908,063

MOLD FOR FORMING CONCRETE FRAMES 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTORS: Hacked S'- Jpnes, GeorgpMfTa'spndaux, John E dwcnliejeiupn, Thank H. Shcgjlzn BY Oct. 13,- 1959 H. s. JONES EI'AL MOLD FOR FORMING CONCRETE FRAMES Filed Sept. 16, 1955 6 Sheets-Sheet 3' 68023 ,9 aux John Edwinflel'erspn,% n nklishu ,wn,

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A'ITORNEYS.

Oct. 13,1959 H. 5. JONES mp 2,908,063

MOLD FOR FORMING CONCRETE FRAMES s Sheets-Shet 4 Filed Sept. 16, 1955 INVENTORS: liezzb/erjl'd'. Jmes,

} Gear MFi-iapndaux dwjnfiiersen 2:11.51

JphnE Fiyan win,

Oct. 13, 1959 Filed Sept. 16, 1955 H. $.JONES ETAL MOLD FOR FORMING CONCRETE FRAMES 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTORS: liezgb erj 15'. Jones Gear ,eMEaE-sendaux John I ATTORNEYS- Oct. 13, 1959 H. s. JONES ETAL 2,908,063

MOLD FOR FORMING CONCRETE FRAMES Filed Sept. 16, 1955 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 v ,9 F 0140 I 127 ,p

IN TEE/OR INVENTORS:

H enbprj S. Jones GeoqggMEgfigendazm, J hn Edzvin IJeierspnf BY Fr ank II. Shl'g'iltn,

ATTORNEYS.

United States Patent Qfihce Thepresentiihverition relates to an improved sectionalform for p'rodiicing" precast monolithic concrete frames, and the lik'e, atla' minimum expenditure of time, labor and costl I r An important" object consists in providing a dismantlable' met'al form or iiioldfor casting concreteand other materialiin to desired sizes and shapes, if such a manner as'to' efiect considerable savingli'n' the cost of assembling" and installing" the 'fiiiislied' concr'ete frame or A further object consists ifi'providing a form for producing a'preca'st m'o'nclithically poured window frame or the like'of'the' desired sli'ap'e configur'at'ion'tbbe easily installed in a masonry ope" such as a window, door or tlielilie, an'dqfrr which" meaneare provided for eliminating theuseof lcose fillets'and filler memhers;

A further'ob'ject"c'oniprelientls theTiirmatiofi of a"sec- 'tional form forprodjticing co'ricr'ete'fwindow frames, in

which a removable'fonn"insertis" rranged-to'be p'dsi tioned within the"foirn"at' the Head or" other locations tli'ereof in order'toprovidetheexterioror inter-1hr of the precast concreteforrn witli'a wat r stop or seal? and upper outwardly and downwardlyislbping" sides'foffsh d ding thewaterwitfiouf danger'cfthe water leakifi to theqro'orn" or buil'ding' hen the parts" ajre ass' nibl'e' Additionally-,- the underside the" exteriorsurraee' ofthe' concrete frame head isfdrmad with vertically stepped depending shoulder pb'rtions shapedno'provid'e spaced drip edges. By this novel arrangenien t, 'v rioi separate fastening means are necessary for tickling the inserffdnn in-positiondifring th mo1liiifgoperatien. Other objects and adv ntages cf fthe'invehtipn'will be: c'ome' apparent" from the (twin tdescriptib'n w err taken =in' conjunction with the accompanying dairn'sand drawin'g'ss- V Referringto the-drawings; which are sliowfiseveial preferred einlfodirnents 'the ention mayassuin'e: v Figure -1*"-is aerspective viewsfitfivifigtfie impreve d form form reducing aeoficrete wiaa'ew frame of the de sired size"an'd sh'ape3 V Figure Z' is a'n en1ar d -etioaa =yi w taken substan fially' along" the line o f Fi gu're'l' Witllcertaii'i' p rts rem'ovedi foi 'clearrie'ss of illiistfatibih" p V Figure 3'- is an enlarged 'sectiohal'view t'ak'eri substantiallyaldng'the'linei33of F guru; L

Figure4"is*a"detailed" se tional' view ofthe insert arrangedt'o be Ptisitloh'edhfithdforrri to provide the head a of the concrete" frame ofthe desired shapey -F igure i'isa detailed perspectivewiew of'the insert: shown in Figure 4 with-parts'broken away fortclearn'ess of illustration; I V V Figure: 6'is a detailedperspctiveview oftheeaapieee inneficore'member-yi v 2308 B v Patented Get-i13 1959 parts; dismantled and the precast monolithi'cal concrete window frame inits final form;

Figure 12- is a sectional view similar to Figure 2 of a 7 therefronn I g p Fi ure 15 isa detailed perspective View of'the assem bled insert form andits associated parts shown" in Figure 13 and n I Figure 16 is a detailed perspective view similar to Figure 5 ofthe' modified form of insert shown in Figure 13 I a Referring tdthe drawings 15 ('Fig l). generally indicafes ametal for-m fo'r' castingconcrete or other suitable materiarimo any desired size or shape; and'as shown, is paftic'iilarly' intended to precast monolithic concrete into a wi'aabw; frame 16 (Fig 11) vwhich may be readily in stalled'atf'a minimum exp enditure of time, labor, and cost'j. More'particularly; the metalf orrn may beusedto provide a ce erete WiiidoW' f-rameand jalousie or other typ' ofwindow' or masonryopening assembly such as disclosed in Jones (ac-pending application, Serial No. 3841 9'4; filed October '7', 1953. I v

Th'e' iinpiove d m'tal form or mold includes an outer sliell"1 -7 ofany sii italile'polygonal shape- (Fig 1), and having'fthe'p'zjiralll side ,jani b plates or members 18 which are cofiii ed at one en'd'b'y a transverse head or lintel plate 19 an at nieiribppasiteenaib "a transverse sill platezll'in any: siii table'manner, su'c'li as by the removable th're'adefd b'olts'z'f' wih icli are arranged to extend through dig lie 'nin' s I'Z K'FigL 11) follried lugs 13 that e'X t eIid ifiWar'dlyfrdm the sides of the shell 17150 that they mayse readily assembled or" disassenibledl An' inneijmtal"shell or' plate 22 of substantially the same at th s'jand ends to" provide a continuous rectangular open n 231 (Fig? 1)' into whicfitliefcoricrete i s' pou red in ordertdform" the precast moi-1b 0" window frame 1 6.

'I'Ireinner shell ZZpr'e'ferabIy orni'ed ofaremovable one-pie e"'rectangul=ar' core or"niehib'efizi (Fig 6 and ajlo'we'rfdismantlable sectional care 25; The assembled 32 Byari inclined portion 33; The portion 32 extends into "an;inwardlyoifs'etfportion'fl, which is connected to'a"vertical portion 35; that is' connected tothe "outwar'fl tli'je" baseflgTyvh en the parts are assembled: 'Ifhe janib pl'altes"37"o f the upp'ef core er irnemberZZ are of channel liap'e and each is formed withan" intermediate dew yand outwardly inclined portion- 38 having end' wliich is' insubstantially. transverse 'alji gnment with theflangeffl ofthe miter sh'elll' A downwardly and outdl'y extending vertical port'ion 29:"by an inclined- "'30.' The portion 29"'te1ininates in a lateral and: outvv, extending-endflangegiil'. The recessed por tiori 28"is alscifconn'ected to a depending vertical portion eXten mg horizontal end'flange 36;, that rests on "anddnwar d'ly' extending flange 39 at its upper,

wardly inclined portion 40 is connected to the portion 37 and to a depending portion 41 that terminates in the horizontal inwardly projecting flange or end 42 thatis releasably mounted on the lower sectional core 25. The core 25 is of channel shape and has separate L- shaped sections 43 (Fig. 11) provided with the angularly disposed sides or arms 44 and 45 which are detachably connected by channel shaped locking member or keys 46 arranged releasably to fit within the channels of the L-shaped members when thelatter are in alignment and be detachably'connected thereto by the threaded retaining bolts or pins 26 (Fig. 1) which extend through spaced sleeves 47 that are interiorly threaded to receive the bolts 26. The L-shaped members 43 are also provided with threaded sleeves 48 for receiving the spaced retaining bolts 26 for maintaining the parts in a fixed assembled position. 1

Each of the locking members 46 may be reinforced by channel shaped members 49 of the same size and shape as the arms 44 and 45, and which encircles an intermediate portion of the locking member. The ends of the locking member 49 are arranged to abut the adjacent ends of the spaced aligned cores of the L-shaped sections 43, so as to constitute a continuation thereof. Lugs. 50 may extend outwardly'from the locking members 46 and the corners of the L-shaped members 43 to facilitate the manual handling of the inner shell. 7

In order that the concrete window framemay be of the desired shape and accurately fit the window opening, the upper arm of the channel sections 43 at each jamb plate 18 is bent or inclined as at 51' (Fig; 2) and terminates in the horizontal arm 52. The lower arm 53 of each of the channel sections 43 extends outwardly and parallel to the arm 52 and the arm 53 rests against the pallet 28 when the parts are assembled. The top of the channel section 43 has an inclined portion 54 that terminates in a horizontal end 55 that extends substantially parallel with the lower arm 56 of the channel member. The channel sections 43 associated with the sill on the other hand, has an intermediate inclined portion 57 that is connected to the upper horizontal arm 58 by an inclined portion 59 and also to the lower horizontal arm or end 160. The pallet 28'on which the lower sectional core 25 rests'has an upwardly extending shoulder or stop '61 (Fig. 3) with'which the lower corner of the channel section -43 engages as at 62. The head 63 of the inner shell 22 (Fig. 3) is formed with a vertical portion 64 provided with an inwardly stepped shoulder portion 65 which terminates in a'horizontal flange or end 66 that rests on the arm 55 of the adjacent channel 43. The portion 63 at the upper end is provided with a lateral and inwardly extending flange 67. The head 19 of the outer shell is substantially similar in shape to the side members 18 and has lateral end flanges 36 engaging the base'27. The sill portion 20 of the outer shell is likewisesubstant'ially similar in shape to the jarnb plate or side members 18 and has its lower flanged end 36 engaging with the base 27 so that the parts'of the form when assembled are firmly supported on the base 27.

The pallet 28 is provided with'vertical inclined sides 68 which extend downwardly from the horizontal flat portion or top 69 (Fig. 2) and each side is formed with a laterally and outwardly offset shoulder 70 having a depending inclined portion 71 which terminates in a horizontal and outwardly disposed end flange 72 that rests onv the base; 27 and abuts the inner lower .wall of anadjacent jamb, plate" 181 The space between the outer and inner sill'of the head (Fig. ,3) has positioned therein;

an angularly disposed removable insert forrri- 73 shaped to provide th e head of the concrete frame with an inside and outside drop. The insert 73 is-appliedasga separate unit and dispenses with the use-'of s'eparate fas tening means for holding it in' place. 'As partic ula'rly w l ures' 3, 4 and 5, the insert 73- has an inter; 75

mediate Vert cally downwardly and outwardly inqlrined portion 74 which terminated at itsupper end in a laterally and outwardly disposed end flange 75 arranged to abut the underside of the arm 56 of the channel 43 and the adjacent inclined wall 76 of the pallet 28 (Fig. 3). A-

horizontal portion 77 extends outwardly from the lower end of portion 74 and is connected to a depending vertically inclined portion 78 which in turn is connected to a horizontally and outwardly disposed portion 79 that terminates in the upwardly inclined end 80. The outer end of the side 76 of the pallet 28 is bent laterally and outwardly to form an arm 81 which rests on the base 27 and abuts the adjacent corner portion of the insert 73. The horizontal portion 77 has its endscut away as at 82 (Fig. 5) so as to be shorter in length than the end flange 75. Similarly, the horizontal portion 79 is of less length than the upper horizontal portion 77 in order to provide the head 83 (Fig. 3) of the concrete form I 16 with an integral inside drop portion 84 and an outside drop portion 85 for preventing water from seeping intof the room of a building when the frame 16 is installed.

The pallet 28 has a depending outwardly inclined side 7 86 adjacent the sill of the concrete form (Fig. 3): and

this side terminates in a horizontal outwardly projecting flange 87 which coacts with the wall of the outer shell 20 to form a bottom for receiving the poured concrete into the space between the inner and outer shells for the purpose of casting theconcrete into the desired size and shape to form the window frame 16. Manifestly, the form 15 may be efiiciently used to form other articles made of concrete and the like, accurately into various sizes and shapes. a

When the parts are, set up and the concrete'poured into the space between the inner and outer shell, the

concrete into the desired configuration to provide the desired window frame such as particularly shown in Figures 2 and 3. To remove the form from the cast concrete frame 16 it is merely necessary to loosen and raise the bolts 21 so as to separate the side and end members 18, 19, and 20 of the outer shell. The bolts 26 are then loosened so as to withdraw bodily the one-piece outer shell 17. The lockingmembers 46 are then withdrawn from connection with the adjacent arms of the L -shaped members of the lower sectional core 25 so that the same.

may be readily dismantled and assume a position such as shown in Figure 11. a

Thus, it will be seen that a dismantlable form or mold 15 is provided for forming a concrete window or the 7 like at a minimum exp'enditureof time, effort and cost,

l insure the maximum efliciency of the frame when 'installed. It will be noted that the'form for providing the and in which the parts may easily be, assembled or disassembled.' Further, the inner and outer walls of the form are of the desired shape andrsize to insure accu-V rately forming the concrete frame of the desired shape to precast monolithic concrete window frame does not re-' quire the use of working fillets or filler members. Further, by'reason of the separate insert form member 73,.

the desired shape is imparted to the head of the concrete form without requiring the use of bolts or other fasten ing means and for the definite purpose of obtaining in-.

Q side and outside drops which insure the head of the frame having the desired wash and drip shape to prevent water from leaking into the room or buildingwhen the frame is installed, and which forms the inside and out side drops as an integral part of the monolithically castconcrete frame. When the concrete frame is formed and I it is removed from the form, the insert'73 in the head may easily be withdrawn after the frame is. lifted fromthe.pallet:28 and without-the necessity ofrequiring' any] tools for this removal. It will be noted that the pallet 28 is so shaped and positioned on the base 27 so as to provide means for monolithically forming the concrete frame with a reverse angle; additionally the 'pallet 28 coacts with the shell and the removable insert 7 3 for providing me iemaoosgoea .5 azdripeonathe'exterior core of the head-'83: With outrtheinovel association of theselparts;v a reverseangle cbuldznohbeprovided 'fromvaari'gid form; Theb'ase 27 isshown in-the-fo'rm' of ahollowisupp'orting member and the arms or legs 72,.76,. and :87 of the pallet are welded orrotherwis'e: connected. to thestop. thereon In' the modification disclosed in F-igur'e's- 12,: 13, :14, l'and'l6," there is di'sclo'seda form for-makin'g a p're'c'ast monolithic concrete Window'frame84 of slightlydiflerent configuration than the frame 16,: previously described. Asv particularly shown in Fi'gure 'lzg themetal form for providing the jambs on sides of-thev'v'ir'ldov'v-frarne,-.are provided with an: outer shell or member 86 'andan inner shell 87.. Each of'the outer-shells 86 is':provided with an intermediate vertical portion 88 having oppositely inclined po1tions 89 and 90:. The inclined po'rjtion 89 extendsinto a: vertical portion 91 which has projecting outwardly and laterallytherefrom a retaining lug- 92. The portion 91 is connected to a" verticalportion '93 through an inclined portion 94 and the-portion 93 terminates in a laterally and outwardly extending end flange95; A downwardly extending vertical portion 96 is connected at its upper end t'o the inclined portion 90 and atits rear end to an inwardly ofls'et shoulder portion 97 having a downwardly and-outwardly inclined portion 98 to which is connected the endflange'99. The opposite sides 'of the inner shell'i's formedeaeh' an upper channel shaped core 100having'itslower horizontal arm 101 ofg'reater length than itsupper am 102; The core l00 is arranged to be releasably mounted on' a lower channel shaped core 103 substantially similar in construction with the core inserts 43 previously described. The adjacentalign'edarms of the coresections 103 are de- :tachably connectediby locking members or keys 104, shown-in dotted lines in Figures 12 and 13, and which maybe of substantially the sarne shape and construction as the'locking members 46 previously described; Each lower core 103 has its upper arm formed with an inclined portion 105 to which is connected a vertical sstraightiportion 106 that terrninates in an inwardly" extending horizontal end flange 107. The lowerarm 108 of the core .103 extends substantially at right angles to thezcore andis of such lengthias-towbe able to firmly reston the. fiat pallet plate 109 when the-parts are assem- :bledQ The pallet plate 109 is welded or otherwiseconnccted to depending outwardly inclined jamb portions 110 preferably in-a manner tobed'scribed. Each side portion-110.11% a laterally. extending: shoulder 111" to which are connected the horizontal flanges 112 by the inclined portion 113. Each of the horizontal portions 112 is connected to a depending shoulder portion 114 which terminates in the horizontalend flange 115 arranged to rest on .a suitable support or base. The horizontal flange 99 of each of the jamb sides 86 of the metal forms engages the top of the flange 115 and the shoulder portion 114 of the pallet acts as a stop so as to maintain the inner and outer shells properly spaced apart so as to receive the concrete or other materials used in casting the frame.

In order to form the head or lintel 116 of the concrete frame of the desired shape and size, the outer shell 86 of the head is of substantially the same configuration as the sides which form the jambs of the con crete form (Fig. 13). The upper one-piece inner corev 117 is substantially similar in size and shape as the core 100. However, the lower, sectional core 118 is of channel shape and is formed with anintermediate vertical portion 119 that inclines downwardly and outwardly from its upper horizontal short arm120 to its lower long arm 121. The portion 119 is connected to the upper arm 120 by an inclined portion 122 and a vertical portion 123. The outer surface of the portion 119 has a shoulder 124 to provide the vertical side portion 125 and thus form the adjacent wall of the concrete of the desired shape. The lower arm 121 is arranged to bear against: pal-let 109r'and be maintained in a fixed position-. I

' Inorder to in'su're the head or-lintel ll6 ofthe' con 'crete window frameshedding the watertherefrom and also to provide eflicient-means-for facilitatin the withdrawal or dripping of the water from the head of the trame'lii, aremovabie" former insert 126 is positioned initiallyinthe s ace between-the innerand outer shells forre'ceiving thee'onerete as it-is poured into the form and which coactswith the particularsha e ofthe core and outer shell to mold'the concrete into the desired configuration. As ShOWI'h'ihe insert 1261s of sectional formand has one see-non thereof provided-with an upwardly-and outwardly inclinedann 127 havin notches 127' in the ends thereof (Fig. 16); The ar'rn 127teiminates in an outwardly and laterally disposed flange 128 that engages the adjacent inner' wall 6fthe shell 8 6 The inner armof the insert -126 is se arated from the arm 127 as at126'- and has an upwardly extending vertical-portion 129 which is epnneete'd by laterally and outwardly extendin ertions13ersan upwardly extend ing portion 131 whieh-is connected: to* an upper end poi-- tion 132 'by a shoulder-portion 133. The end 132 may. terminate ina lateially disposed shoulder or lug 134 (Fig. 15 The'pallet 109-has-its opposite end portions 135 'welded or otherwiseconnected at 136 to a horizontal end flange 138* (Fig.- 15) of an inclined head side" 137 and also to th'e-jarrlh' sides 110 (Fig'. 12). The side 137'tefr'nina'tes in a laterally and outwardly extending flange 139 (Fig; 15) v'vllili has extending upwardly therefrom a lug 140 th'at is pos'itionedhetween the outer shell 86 and'the inclined side 127 "of the sectional: insert 12"6 (Fig; 15 j. The opposite ends ofthe insert 126 are provided with reduced cut out-portions 141' (Fig. 16) and the side walls are suitably shapcd'so that when the concrete is pouredintethe form, the insert will form the head orlintel thereof with an upwardly inclined water shed-.portion'142.(Fig. 14) and the lower face or surface of the head at the forward end thereof, with a vertical drip edge 143 and adownwardly and inwardly inclined drip edge 144' so .as to produce the desired inside and outsidedrops for facilitating the re moval of the. water from the head of the frame 'without danger of the water seeping or working its way through to the interior of the room' or building.v and which is readily removableso as. not to require the use, of fastening means such as holts,-screws orthe like, Further, the particular'shape of the. insert 126, as shown in Figures 15 and 16, insures the formation of precast monolithic concrete window frames provided with a reverse angle that forms a drip on the exterior surface of the head frame or lintelso as to constitute a water stop or seal for preventing seepage of liquid between the concrete frame and the masonry wall when the parts are assembled. This seal also prevents the stucco or plaster from flowing so as to eliminate cracks being formed that often occur at the head or top of the window causing rain and water to leak into the building.

The inner and outer core members that constitute the inner shell are substantially similar in'construction to the core members forming the head of the concrete frame and are identified by similar numerals. However, the base plate of the pallet 109 adjacent the sill is preferably formed with an inclined side 145 which terminates in an inwardly disposed horizontal arm orend portion 146 (Fig. 13) provided with a shoulder'portion 147 that engages the adjacent side of the vertical portion .124 of the sectional lower core 119 so as to constitute a stoptherefor when the parts are set up. The plate 135 is welded to the arm 146. The inclined side 145 of the sill is connected to an outwardly extending horizontal portion 148 that is spacedfrom the ground or support, and is connected to a depending shoulder por tion 149 that terminates in the flanged end portion 150. The outer shell 86 of the metal form adjacent the sill is similar in shape and, size to the head and jambs of the outer shell, and has its end flange 99 resting on the top of the flange 150 so as to coact withthe spaced side 145 of the pallet and the other parts of the inner and outer shells to form the sill of the concrete frame of the desired shapeand size Thus, it will be seen that in all forms of the invention a simple, eflicient and inexpensive dismantlable metal form or mold is provided for precasting monolithic con crete and other suitable material into any desired size and shape, so as to provide a rigid and durable concrete frame which may be readily assembled and installed as a window frame for jalousie windows and the like, at a minimum expenditure of time, labor and cost. The metal form is unique in that it does not require the use of loose fillets or filler members. Further, the sectional inner core may be readily assembled andmaintained in a fixed position by the manually operable keys or locking members and can be easily dismantled upon removal of the locking members when the concrete sets or hardens. The removable insert also insures the head' or lintel of the concrete form being shaped so as: to preclude the entrance of water and foreign matter into the joint between the concrete frame and the window opening. The depending sides of the pallet coact with the core members and with the base to cast the inside of the concrete form and the outer surface thereofythe shape required to resist the infiltration of water, and the external sides are suitably shaped to shed the water and prevent it from collecting on parts of the frame.

It will be manifest that the forms of theinvention shown are merely illustrative and that such modifications may be made as come within the scope ofthe following claims; 1

We claim: 7 1. A form for casting concrete into a window frame,

7 said form including a substantially horizontal base, a

pallet on the base having an intermediate raised hori- Zontally disposed flat portion and depending sides resting on said base, an outer one-piece polygonal-shaped shell extending upwardly from the base, an inner shell of substantially the same shape as the outer shell and extending upwardly from the base and separated from the outer shell to provide a space for receiving the concrete to form the window frame, said shells having spaced side -jamb plates connected by a lintel plate and a spaced sill plate forforming the side jarnbs, head, and sill of the concrete window frame, said inner shell 113V? ing a lower sectional core and an' upper eore,'-.said lower corebeing mounted on thexpallet, "and an ague l-arly disposed insert in'the space between the 'outer'shell and theside offsaid pallet adjacent saidflinfel plate, said" insert arranged to: form the concrete head withxan exterior portion shaped to shed water outwardly therefrom;

2., A formrforcasting concrete into a window-frame, as called for'in claim 1, in which the lower sectional core is of substantially channel shape in cross section, each of said lower core sections being L-shaped: and spaced from each other, removable locking members overlap! ping the, ends of the L-shaped'membergand 'mea'n'sfor detachably connecting the locking members tothe'end members formaintaining'the lower corein a fixed posi:

tion. 7 j-- V 1 p 3. A form for casting concrete into'a windowframe,

as called for in claim 2, in which eacl'lofsaid locking member is of channel shape and is arranged releasably to fit within the adjacent sections of said lower core, and means for detachably connecting the locking members to said sections. I

4. A form for casting concrete into a window frame, as called for inclaim 1, in which the insert is of substantially channel shape and has a long side arm and a' short side arm, said long side arm engaging said pallet and provided with offset laterally extending shoulder portions, and said short arm terminating in an outwardly and laterally extending end flange engageable with the outer shell, said insert being shaped to coact with the lintel of the concrete form so as to shed water outwardly therefrom. a 1

References Cited in the file of this patent v UNITED STATES PATENTS France Feb. 22,-1952. 

